與中國神話故事中的神不同，古希臘神話故事中的神少了些許神秘，少了些許慈悲。沒有什么不死不滅不成神，他們像正常的人類一樣，會悲傷，會喜悅。

他們會在所謂的命運中顛沛流離，也會在欲望和權力中沉淪。

各種游戲，電影， 現(xiàn)代商品一遍又一遍打造的原型， 人類不厭其煩地講述這傳說。

在這里，向西方文明的起源出發(fā)。

在這里，找到你熟悉的英文單詞的發(fā)源地。

學英語， 你必須知道的神話。

In ancient Greek mythology, a group of 12 Olympian gods ruled after Zeus had overthrown the unruly Titans. The gods lived on the top of Mount Olympus- the highest in Greece. Mount Olympus (2,917 metres) is situated in northern Greece and has forested slopes and tumbling waterfalls.

在古希臘神話中，宙斯推翻了桀驁不馴的泰坦之后，由12位奧林匹斯山神組成的一群人統(tǒng)治著世界。眾神住在希臘最高的奧林匹斯山頂。奧林匹斯山(海拔2917米)位于希臘北部，有森林覆蓋的山坡和翻滾的瀑布。

Greek mythology is a collection of stories, myths and legends about the origins of the world and they are important as they give a valuable insight into every day life in ancient Greece. There were actually more than 12 gods, but the others did not live on Mount Olympus. Hades, god of the Underworld for example, lived under the earth’s surface where he could rule the dead.

希臘神話是關于世界起源的故事、神話和傳說的集合，給我們提供了了解古希臘日常生活的寶貴視角。實際上不止12位，其他的都不住在山上。以冥界之神哈德斯為例，他生活在地表之下，在那里，他可以統(tǒng)治死者。

The throne of Zeus in Olympus mountain 奧林匹斯山上宙斯的寶座

Zeus was the son of Kronos and Rhea and with his siblings he defeated the Titans who were led by his father, Cronus.  The Titans and Olympian gods fought for a long time, but the Olympian gods were victorious and Zeus put his father and the other Titans in Tartarus – the deepest part of the Underworld- where they were tortured forever. Zeus was god of the sky and earth and King of Olympus. He married Hera (but had many lovers) and became the father of the gods and humans.

宙斯是克洛諾斯和瑞亞的兒子，他和他的兄弟姐妹們打敗了他的父親克洛諾斯領導的泰坦。泰坦與奧林匹斯諸神交戰(zhàn)了很長時間，但最終奧林匹斯諸神取得了勝利。宙斯把他的父親和其他泰坦們關進了地獄最深處的地獄，在那里永遠遭受折磨。宙斯是天地之神，也是奧林匹斯之王。他娶了赫拉(但有許多情人)，成為眾神和人類之父。

Zeus was a powerful warrior who used lightning and thunder bolts as his weapons. When he was upset, his temper affected the weather badly. There were many sanctuaries dedicated to Zeus and the ancient Greeks regularly gave offerings to Zeus in the hope that they could keep him happy.

宙斯是一位以閃電和雷電為武器的強大戰(zhàn)士。當他心煩時，他的脾氣嚴重影響了天氣。那里有許多供奉宙斯的圣地，古希臘人經(jīng)常給宙斯供奉祭品，希望能讓他開心。

Hera, the goddess of the marriage and childbirth, is usually depicted with a crown and sceptre. She was married to Zeus in an opulent ceremony and became Queen of Olympus. She sought revenge whenever she was betrayed by Zeus and his lovers. She played an active role in the Trojan War in which she strongly supported the Greeks. Her symbols were the peacock and cow.

赫拉，掌管婚姻和分娩的女神，通常被描繪成戴著王冠和權杖。她和宙斯舉行了盛大的婚禮，成為奧林匹斯山的皇后。每當宙斯和他的情人背叛她時，她就會尋求報復。她的象征是孔雀和奶牛。

Like his brother Zeus, Poseidon was one of the most powerful gods. with Poseidon was the god of the seas. He did not live on Mount Olympus but in a beautiful palace at the bottom of the sea. He is usually depicted holding a trident. Like his brother Zeus, Poseidon had a bad temper which caused storms and earthquakes.

像他的兄弟宙斯一樣，波塞冬是最強大的神之一。波塞冬是海神。他并不是住在奧林匹斯山上，而是住在海底一座美麗的宮殿里。他通常被描繪成手持三叉戟。和他的兄弟宙斯一樣，波塞冬脾氣暴躁，經(jīng)常引發(fā)暴風雨和地震。

Seafarers still believe in his mythological powers and ask his permission to sail the oceans before they leave harbour. A beautiful temple dedicated to Poseidon can be seen at Cape Sounio, where it stands overlooking the sea.

海員們?nèi)匀幌嘈潘裨挵愕牧α?，離開港口前都要得到他的允許在大洋上航行。在索尼奧角，可以看到一座獻給波塞冬的美麗神廟，俯瞰大海。

Demeter is the goddess of agriculture and fertility. She was a lover of Zeus and together they had a daughter – Persephone. Demeter was very protective of her daughter and was angered by the advances made to Persephone by Hades. He persuaded Persephone to eat pomegranate seeds that would ensure she stayed with him as his wife.

得墨忒爾是農(nóng)業(yè)和生育女神。她是宙斯的情人，他們有一個女兒——珀爾塞福涅。得墨忒爾非常保護她的女兒，她被哈迪斯對珀爾塞福涅的侵犯激怒了。他說服珀爾塞福涅吃石榴籽，以確保她作為他的妻子留在他身邊。

Demeter was furious and killed all the crops in the world. Zeus bargained with Hades and Persephone was allowed to live with her mother for eight months each year. Whenever Persephone returned to live with her husband in the Underworld, the earth would turn cold and no crops would grow. Demeter’s symbol is an ear of corn.

得墨忒爾勃然大怒，殺死了世界上所有的莊稼。宙斯和哈迪斯討價還價，珀爾塞福涅被允許每年和她的母親住八個月。每當珀爾塞福涅回到冥界與她的丈夫生活在一起時，地球就會變冷，莊稼也不會生長。得墨忒爾的象征是玉米穗。

statue of goddess Athena in the center of Athens

位于雅典中心的雅典娜女神雕像

Athena the goddess of wisdom, was skilled in war and known to be both clever and courageous. She helped several of her heroes including Odysseus and Hercules in combat. She was born from the forehead of her father Zeus, and was his favourite child. Athena was born fully dressed in armour.

雅典娜是智慧女神，擅長戰(zhàn)爭，以聰明和勇敢而聞名。她在戰(zhàn)斗中幫助了她的幾個英雄，包括奧德修斯和赫拉克勒斯。她生在父親宙斯的額頭上，是他最寵愛的孩子，雅典娜出生時全身披甲。

She and Poseidon competed to see which of them would be chosen to be the protector of Athens. Athena was chosen because she had planted the first olive tree in the city. Poseidon was so upset he flooded Attica. Many temples were built in her honour and festivals were regularly dedicated to her. Athena’s symbols are the olive tree and the owl.

她和波塞冬競爭，看誰會被選為雅典的保護者。雅典娜被選中是因為她在城里種了第一棵橄欖樹。波塞冬非常沮喪，他把阿提卡淹沒了。許多廟宇都是為了紀念她而建造的，人們也定期為她舉行節(jié)日慶典。雅典娜的象征是橄欖樹和貓頭鷹。

Apollo ancient god of poetry and music

Apollo was the god of music and healing. Apollo and his twin sister, Artemis, were born to Zeus and his Titan lover, Leto. Apollo was a great hunter and always used a silver bow and arrow. One day when he was out, he came across a young lady and fell madly in love with her. He chased her everywhere, but her father was displeased and changed her into a scared bay tree to protect her. Apollo was a popular god and a large temple was built in his honour at Delphi. Apolllo’s symbols are the laurel, crow and dolphin.

阿波羅是音樂和醫(yī)療之神。阿波羅和他的孿生妹妹阿耳特彌斯是宙斯和他的泰坦戀人勒托所生。阿波羅是一位偉大的獵人，他總是使用銀色的弓和箭。一天，他外出時遇到一位年輕女子，并瘋狂地愛上了她。他到處追她，但她的父親不高興，把她變成一棵害怕的月桂樹保護她。阿波羅是一位受歡迎的神，人們在德爾斐為紀念他而建造了一座巨大的神廟。阿波羅的象征是月桂、烏鴉和海豚。

Goddess of the moon and hunting, Artemis is also often portrayed as the goddess of marriage and the protector of women in childbirth. She was an excellent hunter but had a quick temper. One day, a young man stumbled across her as she bathed in a pool of water. He would not leave so she changed him into a stag and commanded his own dogs to chase him. She is often portrayed with a bow and a deer. Her symbols are the cypress tree and a fallow deer.

阿爾忒彌斯是月亮和狩獵女神，也經(jīng)常被描繪成婚姻女神和分娩婦女的保護者。她是個出色的獵手，但脾氣暴躁。一天，當她在水池里洗澡時，一個年輕人偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了她。他不肯離開，于是她把他變成一只牡鹿，命令他的狗去追他。她常被描繪成手持弓和鹿的形象。她的象征是一棵柏樹和一只黇鹿。

Often known as the ugly looking god, Hephaestus was the god of fire and art. When he was a child, he was thrown from the top of Mount Olympus by his father, Zeus. The injuries he sustained, left him with a lame leg. He was a very talented ironmonger and he would make weapons for all of the gods.

赫菲斯托斯通常被認為是相貌丑陋的火神和藝術之神。當他還是個孩子的時候，他被他的父親宙斯從奧林匹斯山頂扔下。他受的傷使他的一條腿跛了。他是一個非常有天賦的鐵器商，他會為眾神制造武器。

Temple of Hephaestus in Athens

He also created an excellent suit of armor for Achilles in his forge. He found his wife Aphrodite cheating on him with Ares and threw a giant net over them to capture them. He humiliated them both and stripped them of their special powers.  To punish his mother Hera, he once tied her up in thick chains that he had made and then refused to undo them. His symbols are the anvil and the forge.

他還在熔爐里為阿喀琉斯制作了一套極好的盔甲。他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的妻子阿芙羅狄蒂背著他和阿瑞斯私通，就撒下一張巨大的網(wǎng)罩住他們，想把他們抓起來。他剝奪了他們的特殊能力。為了懲罰他的母親赫拉，有一次，他把自己做的粗鏈條綁了起來，然后拒絕解開。他的象征是鐵砧和熔爐。

Aphrodite the goddess of beauty and love

Aphrodite was the goddess of beauty and love. She emerged from the foam on the waves of the sea on the island of Cyprus. Aphrodite was the daughter of Zeus and another of his lovers – the Titan – Dione. Aphrodite was so beautiful that every man fell in love with her and just like her father, she was very flirtatious.

阿佛洛狄特是美與愛之女神。在塞浦路斯島上，她從海浪的泡沫中浮出。阿芙羅狄蒂是宙斯和另一位情人——泰坦巨人狄俄涅的女兒。阿芙羅狄蒂是如此的美麗，以至于每個男人都愛上了她，而且就像她父親一樣，她非常愛調(diào)情。

She had numerous affairs, She had a son with Ares, the god of war and they named him Eros who became famous for shooting arrows at people to make them fall in love.  Aphrodite loved roses and doves and her chariot was pulled by these beautiful birds.

她有很多風流韻事。她與戰(zhàn)神阿瑞斯有一個兒子，他們給他起名叫厄洛斯，厄洛斯因向人們射箭使他們墜入愛河而出名。阿芙羅狄蒂喜愛玫瑰和鴿子，這些美麗的鳥兒拉著她的戰(zhàn)車。

Ares the god of war

Ares, the god of war was said to be violent and full of physical aggression – so much so, that his own parents, Zeus and Hera did not like him. He was born in Thrace, an area in north-east Greece, known for its fierce fighters and Ares was very successful in war.

戰(zhàn)神阿瑞斯被認為是一個充滿暴力和攻擊性的人，以至于他的父母，宙斯和赫拉都不喜歡他。他出生在希臘東北部的色雷斯，那里以驍勇善戰(zhàn)而聞名。阿瑞斯在戰(zhàn)爭中非常成功。

He was unpopular and not worshipped and any myths about him talked of his humiliation. The best-known myth is that when he was Aphrodite’s lover, the pair were caught in bed and imprisoned in a giant net by Aphrodite’s husband, Hephaestus. Ares is usually depicted with a spear and helmet.

他不受歡迎，不受崇拜，任何關于他的神話都在談論他的恥辱。最有名的神話是，當他是阿芙羅狄蒂的情人時，兩人被阿芙羅狄蒂的丈夫赫菲斯托斯困在床上，并被囚禁在一個巨大的網(wǎng)中。阿瑞斯通常被描繪成手持長矛，頭戴頭盔的形象。

Hermes, with his winged helmet and characteristic sandals, was the god of commerce and travel. Hermes was also the messenger of the gods. He invented the lyre which he made from the shell of a turtle. One day he took Hera, Athena and Aphrodite to visit Paris and this event triggered the Trojan War.

赫爾墨斯 戴著帶翼的頭盔，腳穿有特色的涼鞋，他是商業(yè)和旅行之神。海爾墨斯也是眾神的信使。他用烏龜?shù)臍ぶ谱髁似呦仪?。有一天，他帶著赫拉、雅典娜和阿芙羅狄蒂去巴黎游玩。這件事引發(fā)了特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭。

Hades, in the ancient Greek religion and myth, is the god of the dead and the king of the underworld, with  which his name became synonymous.

哈迪斯，在古希臘的宗教和神話中，是死神和冥界之王，他的名字成為代名詞。

 Hades was the eldest son of Cronus and Rhea, although the last son regurgitated by his father. He and his brothers, Zeus and Poseidon, defeated their father's generation of gods, the Titans, and claimed rulership over the cosmos. Hades received the underworld, Zeus the sky, and Poseidon the sea, with the solid earth, long   the province of Gaia, available to all three concurrently. Hades was often portrayed with his three-headed guard dog Cerberus.

哈迪斯是克洛諾斯和瑞亞的長子，盡管他是父親的最后一個兒子。他和他的兄弟，宙斯和波塞冬，打敗了他們父親那一代的神，泰坦，并宣稱統(tǒng)治宇宙。冥王哈迪斯獲得了冥界，宙斯獲得了天空，波塞冬獲得了大海，與堅實的大地，蓋亞的長省，三者兼得。哈迪斯經(jīng)常被描繪成和他的三頭看門狗賽布勒斯在一起。

也有的說法不把哈德斯歸為十二主神。其中赫斯提亞因與人類住在一起，便把位置讓給了酒神狄俄尼索斯。而冥王哈迪斯有時也會包括在奧林匹斯十二神中，但一般哈迪斯都被排除在外，因為他是冥界的統(tǒng)治者。

The most gentle and oldest goddess was Hestia, sister of Zeus. She was goddess of the hom英語詞匯之古希臘神話十二主神e and family. She was responsible for ensuring that all the fire hearths on Mount Olympus kept burning, which was considered an important job as the fire hearth was the focus of the family. Her symbol is fire.

最溫柔最古老的女神是赫斯提，宙斯的妹妹。她是家庭和家庭的女神。她的職責是確保奧林匹斯山上所有的火盆都能持續(xù)燃燒，這被認為是一項重要的工作，因為火盆是家庭的焦點。她的象征是火。

聲明：本文信息來源于網(wǎng)絡整理，由網(wǎng)站團隊（微信公眾號搜索：北京小學學習資料）排版編輯，若有侵權，請聯(lián)系管理員刪除。

掃碼添加“家長論壇”微信好友（微信號 16619908263）

獲取KET/PET官方真題匯總、官網(wǎng)樣卷試題、聽力閱讀答題卡、高頻必備單詞表

咨詢北京KET PET相關課程請撥打電話 16619908263 （同微信號）