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                   monument和memorial的區(qū)別

這兩個(gè)近義詞有徹底不同的部分，也有可以共用的時(shí)候，，最直接的理解就從欣賞世界各地的風(fēng)景名勝開始。

memorial紀(jì)念物； 紀(jì)念碑， 紀(jì)念館，紀(jì)念堂  

Memorials are often related to death and destruction.

紀(jì)念碑通常與死亡毀滅有關(guān)。

讓我們來看看一些世界有名的Memorial就知道這個(gè)詞意了。

World Trade Center MEMORIAL

世界貿(mào)易中心紀(jì)念館

This Memorial site was opened on September 11, 2011, to commemorate close to 3,000 people who were killed in the World Trade Center terrorist attacks. It is located at the World Trade Center's former location in New York. Two reflecting pools sit on this very ground where the Twin Towers once stood. These pools are surrounded by bronze panels inscribed with names of people who died in the 2001 attacks as well as the 1993 bombing.

這個(gè)紀(jì)念館于2011年9月11日開放，紀(jì)念在世貿(mào)中心恐怖襲擊中喪生的近3000人。它位于紐約世貿(mào)中心的舊址。兩個(gè)倒影池坐落在雙子塔曾經(jīng)矗立的地方。水池周圍是銅板，上面刻著在2001年的襲擊和1993年的爆炸中喪生的人的名字。

Unveiled in October 2011, this memorial is the fourth for non-presidents and first to honor an African-American leader at the National Mall in Washington, DC. It celebrates Martin Luther King Jr.’s leadership, legacy and tireless advocacy for freedom, racial equality, and just for the oppressed around the world.

Carved on the memorial are the words “Out of a mountain of despair, a stone of hope,” which came from MLK’s ‘I Have a Dream’ speech.

這座紀(jì)念碑于2011年10月揭幕，是第四個(gè)非總統(tǒng)紀(jì)念碑，也是華盛頓特區(qū)國(guó)家廣場(chǎng)第一個(gè)紀(jì)念非裔美國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的紀(jì)念碑。它是為了紀(jì)念馬丁·路德·金(Martin Luther King Jr.)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力、遺產(chǎn)以及他不知疲倦地為自由、種族平等和世界各地受壓迫的人所作的倡導(dǎo)。

紀(jì)念碑上刻著“絕望之山，希望之石”的字樣，這句話出自馬丁·路德·金的《我有一個(gè)夢(mèng)想》演講。

This stunning marble temple is home to the 19-feet-high sculpture of the 16th president of the United States, Abraham Lincoln. On top of his sculpture are the words from his Gettysburg Address.

這座令人驚嘆的大理石神廟是美國(guó)第16任總統(tǒng)亞伯拉罕·林肯的19英尺高雕像的所在地。在他的雕塑上面是他葛底斯堡演說的歌詞。

The Memorial was built to honor American armed forces who took part in the Vietnam War. It consists of three parts: the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Wall, the Three Servicemen Memorial, and the Vietnam Women’s Memorial. 

紀(jì)念碑是為了紀(jì)念參加越南戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的美國(guó)軍隊(duì)而建造的。它由三部分組成:越南老兵紀(jì)念墻、三名軍人紀(jì)念碑和越南婦女紀(jì)念碑。

The Washington Memorial was revealed in 1884 ，

as a commemoration of George Washington, the first president of the United States. 

華盛頓紀(jì)念碑于1884年揭幕，是為了紀(jì)念美國(guó)第一任總統(tǒng)喬治·華盛頓。

The massive sculpture is a memorial to four American presidents and their contribution. 

The sculpture features Presidents George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt and Abraham Lincoln.

總結(jié)：

Memorials: More somber, remembrance.

memorial :更加肅穆，緬懷

A monument tends to be built to remember a significant    person or event in history or a time period.

monument 往往是為了紀(jì)念歷史上或某個(gè)時(shí)期的重要人物或事件而建造的, 也可以說是有重要意義的紀(jì)念碑。

The Empire State Building, for example, is a MONUMENT of the booming American economy of the period and the Arc de Triumph is a MONUMENT to military victories. 

例如我們可說，帝國(guó)大廈是繁榮的美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的紀(jì)念碑，凱旋門是軍事勝利的紀(jì)念碑。

Of course there is some blurrying between the definitions, but this tends to be the trend: 

當(dāng)然，這些定義之間有些模糊，但我們能看到規(guī)律:

Monuments: more of a mark of achievement or historic marker. 

monument :更多的是成就的標(biāo)志或歷史的標(biāo)志。

所以monument 含有文化和歷史意義。

and there are some monuments, such as the Washington Monument, which -- although built after Washington's death (so a memorial) is more symbolic of Washington's ideals and the constructs of American freedoms - making it a monument)”

還有一些紀(jì)念碑，比如華盛頓紀(jì)念碑(monument )，盡管它是在華盛頓去世后修建的，但它更象征著華盛頓的理想和美國(guó)自由的構(gòu)建，因此它是一個(gè)紀(jì)念碑

泰姬陵可以說是monument， 也可以是一個(gè)memorial, 因?yàn)槭菒燮薜牧昴埂?/span>

Most pyramids were built as tombs for the country’s Pharaohs and their consorts during the Old and Middle Kingdom periods. These are some of oldest Famous Cultural Monuments.

大多數(shù)金字塔都是在古代和中王國(guó)時(shí)期為法老和他們的配偶建造的墳?zāi)?。這些是一些最古老的著名文化遺跡。

One of the most Famous Cultural Monuments and Wonders of the world.

世界上最著名的文化遺跡和奇跡之一。

The Statue of Liberty was dedicated on October 28, 1886, designated as a National Monument in 1924 and restored for her centennial on July 4, 1986.

自由女神像于1886年10月28日落成，1924年被指定為國(guó)家紀(jì)念碑，1986年7月4日被修復(fù)以紀(jì)念她的百年誕辰。

This is another amazing man-made monument in the world. It is one of the most visited spots in Paris. 

這是世界上另一個(gè)令人驚嘆的人造紀(jì)念碑。它是巴黎最受歡迎的景點(diǎn)之一。

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