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一. 語法講解

直接引述別人的原話，叫直接引語，直接引語通常都用引號括起來。

用自己的話把別人的話陳述出來，叫間接引語。

間接引語在多數(shù)情況下都構成一個賓語從句。

Direct Speech

She said, “I like singing. ”

She said, “I am waiting for a bus.”

Indirect Speech

She said she liked singing.

She said she was waiting for a bus.

總結：直接引語是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時用連詞that引導賓語從句。從句中的人稱、時態(tài)、指示代詞、時間狀語和地點狀語等相應變化。

Direct Speech

She asked, “Have you seen the film?”

He asks, “Are you a doctor, John?”

She asked us, “Where are you going to get off?”

He asked them, “Who gave you a talk yesterday?”

Indirect Speech

She asked me whether/if I had seen the film.

He asks John if/whether he is a doctor.

She asked us where we were going to get off.

He asked them who had given them a talk the day before.

總結：

【人稱的變化】

一隨主（第一人稱根據(jù)主語來變）

二隨賓（第二人稱根據(jù)賓語來變）

三不變（第三人稱不變）

E.g.

一隨主

John said, “I’m going to London with my father.”

John said that he was going to London with his father.

二隨賓

I asked him, “Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?”

I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.

三不變

John said, “Mary is going to London with her father.”

John said that Mary was going to London with her father.

【時態(tài)的變化】

主句時態(tài)一般是過去式，此時時態(tài)的變化規(guī)則是：除了過去完成時時態(tài)不變，其它向過去推移一步，具體如下：

直接引語

間接引語

一般現(xiàn)在時

一般過去式

現(xiàn)在進行時

過去進行時

現(xiàn)在完成時

過去完成時

一般過去時

過去完成時

一般將來時

過去將來時

現(xiàn)在完成進行時

過去完成進行時

過去完成時

不變

其它時態(tài)不變的情況：

客觀事實、真理、諺語、習慣性動作

He said, “The moon moves around the earth.”

He said that the moon moves around the earth.

有明確表示時間的狀語，如in 2010

John said, “I went to London in 2010.”

John said that he went to London in 2010.

主句是各種現(xiàn)在時或將來時

He says”I didn’t go to school today.”

He says that he didn’t go to school that day.

句中其他成分的變化

句中成分

直接引語

間接引語

指示代詞

this

that

these

those

動詞

come

go

bring

take

地點狀語

here

there

時間狀語

today

that day

this morning

that morning

yesterday

the day before

the day before yesterday

two days before

tomorrow

the next day

the day after tomorrow

in two days' time

next week

the next week

last week

the week before

two weeks ago

two weeks before

now

then

句子結構的變化

陳述句

去掉引號加that（that可省略）

祈使句

said改asked/told/ordered, 變不定式，注意特例

感嘆句

去引號即可或換成that來引導

疑問句

（總則）語序變陳述，said改asked。（分則）一般疑問句/反義疑問句: if /whether來引導；選擇疑問句: 變whether…or……句型；特殊疑問句: 去引號即可。

 1）直接引語如果是陳述句，間接引語應改為由that引導的賓語從句。

如：She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."

→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.

 2）直接引語如果是反意疑問句、選擇疑問句或一般疑問句，間接引語應改為由whether或if引導的賓語從句。

如：He said, "Can you swim, John?"

→He asked John if he could swim.

"You have finished the homework, haven't you?" my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.

"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?"

→He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.

3）直接引語如果是特殊問句，間接引語應該改為由疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導的賓語從句（賓語從句必須用陳述句語序）。

 She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"

→She asked me when they had their dinner.

4）直接引語如果是祈使句，間接引語應改為"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型。

如："Don't make any noise," she said to the children.

 →She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. "

Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.

→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.

 5）直接引語如果是以"Let's"開頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，通常用"suggest +動句詞（或從句）。

"如：He said, "Let's go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.

【補充講解】

Direct Speech

The teacher said to the students,“Use your time wisely.”

She said to me,“Open the door.”

The teacher said to the students,“Don’t waste your time.”

Indirect Speech

The teacher told the students to use their time wisely.

She asked me to open the door.

The teacher told the students not to waste their time.

總結：直接引語是祈使句時，采用“動詞+賓語+不定式”結構，即ask/tell/order sb. (not) to do sth.

注意：直接引語如果是客觀真理，變間接引語時，時態(tài)不變。

The teacher said,“The earth goes round the sun.”

→The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.

二. 經典例題

1.He asked ____ for the violin.

A. did I pay how much  B. I paid how much  

C. how much did I pay  D. how much I paid

2. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _____.

A.who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is

3. Can you tell me ____?

A.how good is his spoken English  

B. how well his spoken English is

C. how well he speaks English     

D. how good he can speak English

4. He said that he had bought the jacket____.

A. before three days  B. three days before   

C. three days ago  D. last week

5. Did you say_____?

A. that what he said was true  B. that it was true that he said

C. what did he say was true     D. what he said it was true

6. Please tell me ____ from.

A. where do you come B. where you come

C. where you will come D. there you come

7. Ask her ____ come with us.

A  if she will  B. if or not she will

C.  that if she will  D. whether will she

8. The driver said that he ____ pick ____ a passenger at West Street.

A  will, up    B. would, up   

C. will, out   D. would, out

9. He said he ___ in 1993.

A .has born  B. had been born 

C. had born  D. was born

10. John ___ me he was going to help me with my English.

A. explained  B. spoke   C. told   D. said

11. He asked me ___I would go to Beijing by air the next day.

A. that if             B. if           

C. that whether  D. how

12. —Joyce, please don’t open the window.

  —Pardon?

  —I ______ open the window.

A. tell you don’t    B. tell you not to   

C. told you didn’t  D. told you not to

13. He_____they didn’t start early they wouldn’t catch the first bus.

A. said that if       B. asked if    

C. asked whether  D. said that whether

14. The teacher asked us ______ so much noise.      

A. don’t make   B. not make   

C. not making     D. not to make

15. The doctor asked me what _______  with me.

A. is wrong    B. wrong is   C. was wrong    D. wrong was

【參考答案】1—5 DDCCA  6—10 BABDC  11—15 BDADC

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